What is the role of the myelin sheath in a neuron?

The myelin sheath plays a crucial role in the function and efficiency of a neuron. Its primary purpose is to speed up the transmission of nerve impulses along the axon. This occurs because the myelin sheath acts as an insulator, allowing the electrical signals (action potentials) to jump between gaps known as nodes of Ranvier in a process called saltatory conduction. This jumping significantly increases the speed of impulse propagation compared to unmyelinated axons.

Additionally, the myelin sheath offers protective benefits to the neuron. It safeguards the axon from damage and helps maintain the integrity of the electrical signal as it travels. Thus, both the protective aspects of the myelin sheath and its role in enhancing the speed of nerve impulse transmission are essential functions that contribute to the overall performance of the nervous system. This makes the option highlighting both protection and accelerated transmission the best choice.