Which neuron type is primarily responsible for carrying signals to muscles or glands?

Motor neurons are primarily responsible for transmitting signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands. When a motor neuron is activated, it releases neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction, causing muscle contraction or glandular secretion. This is crucial for executing voluntary movements, such as walking or picking up objects, as well as involuntary actions, like reflexes.

In contrast, sensory neurons carry signals from sensory receptors (like those in the skin, eyes, and ears) to the central nervous system, allowing the body to perceive its environment. Interneurons connect one neuron to another within the central nervous system and play essential roles in processing and relaying information. Receptor neurons, while important for detecting stimuli, specifically refer to the sensory receptors themselves rather than the pathways that carry signals to effectors like muscles or glands.

Therefore, the distinctive role of motor neurons in initiating responses in muscles and glands solidifies their importance in the communication network of the nervous system.