Which part of the brain is involved in sensory perception and higher cognitive functions?

The cerebral cortex is the correct answer because it is the outer layer of the brain that plays a critical role in various higher cognitive functions including sensory perception, reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making. This region is responsible for processing sensory information such as sight, sound, touch, and taste, allowing for the integration and interpretation of stimuli. Moreover, the cerebral cortex is divided into different lobes, each associated with specific functions. For instance, the occipital lobe is primarily involved in visual processing, while the frontal lobe plays a key role in executive functions and personality.

In contrast, the cerebellum is primarily involved in coordination and balance, not higher cognitive processes. The pons serves primarily as a relay station for signals between different parts of the brain and does not directly contribute to cognition or sensory perception. The spinal cord primarily functions to transmit nerve signals between the brain and the rest of the body and is not involved in sensory perception or cognitive functions.